Freedom North Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980

Preface by Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham Afterword by Robin D.G. Kelley African American protest and political movements outside the South appear as ancillary and subsequent to the "real" movement in the South, despite the fact that black activism existed in the North, Midwest, and West in the 1940s, and persisted well into the 1970s. This book brings together new scholarship on black social movements outside the South to rethink the civil rights narrative and the place of race in recent history. Each chapter focuses on a different location and movement outside the South, revealing distinctive forms of racism according to place and the varieties of tactics and ideologies that community members used to attack these inequalities, to show that the civil rights movement was indeed a national movement for racial justice and liberation.Woodard, Peter is the author of 'Freedom North Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980', published 2003 under ISBN 9780312294687 and ISBN 0312294689.