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Contents. Special Features. Preface. 1. Learning and Teaching Language Arts. Questions about Learning and Teaching Language Arts. The Language Arts. Snapshot A Day in Avril Font's Fourth-Grade Class. Learning Language Arts. An Active, Constructive Process. A Social, Interactive Process. A Transactional Process. Teaching Language Arts. A Student- and Response-Centered Classroom. Curriculum Content. Classroom Environment. Scheduling and Grouping. Literature, Resources, and Technology. Integrated Teaching: "Ripple Effects" of Response-Themed Learning. Ripple Effect Our Community and State. Modeling Lessons for Initiating and Demonstrating. Lesson Plan Modeling with an Initiating Lesson Using an Alphabet Book. Answers to Questions about Learning and Teaching Language Arts. 2. Assessing Language Arts. Questions about Assessing Language Arts. Guidelines for Assessment. Standardized Testing versus Authentic Assessment. Snapshot Draft Books in Avril Font's First-Grade Class. Assessment Tools. Assessment Toolbox 2.1 Writing Log. Logs and Journals. Assessment Toolbox 2.2 Double-Entry Literature Journal. Anecdotal Records and Observations. Checklists and Records Inventories and Tests. Rubrics. Assessment Toolbox 2.3 Writing Rubric. Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment. Assessment Toolbox 2.4 Self-Assessment Form for Group Work. Assessment Toolbox 2.5 Peer-Assessment Form for Group Work. Portfolios and Work Samples. Planning and Progress Forms. Teaching and Assessing Students with Disabilities and Other Special Needs. Assessment Toolbox 2.6 Portfolio Analysis Form. Teaching Students with Special Needs. Assessing Students with Special Needs. Snapshot An English Language Learner with Learning Disabilities in an Inclusive Classroom. Assessment Toolbox 2.7 Classroom Activity Analysis Worksheet. Adapting Language Learning. Answers to Questions about Assessing Language Arts. 3. First- and Second-Language Development. Questions about First- and Second-Language Development. First-Language Development. Snapshot Four Children Talking. Constructivist Theory. Social Interactionist Theory. Language Structure and Systems. Second-Language Development. Second-Language Acquisition Theories. Assessment Toolbox 3.1 Stages of English Language Proficiency. Lessons for English Language Learners: Providing a Context for Instruction. Teaching Idea Teaching English and Mathematics to Spanish-Speaking Students. Assessment Toolbox 3.2 Stages of English Language Proficiency for Jaqui's Students. Teaching and Assessing Vocabulary Development for First- and Second-Language Learners. Semantic Mapping. Teaching Idea Semantic Maps with Armenian-Speaking Students. Word Play. Lesson Plan Word Play and Literature. Assessment Toolbox 3.3 Anecdotal Record Assessment (ARA). Answers to Questions about First- and Second-Language Development. 4. Emergent Literacy and Biliteracy.