Principles of Human Neuropsychology

1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGY / Early Attempts at Understanding the Brain / The Beginnings of Modern Neuropsychology: Broca / Further Discoveries: Wernicke / Localization Versus Holism / The Psychometric Approach to Neuropsychology / Recent Findings] / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 2. NEURAL MECHANISMS AT THE MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR LEVELS / The Adaptive Significance of the Nervous System / The Capacity for Modulation: The Neuron and the Synapse / Neural Activity at the Molecular and Cellular Levels / Neuronal Mechanisms of Learning / Two Exceptions to General Rules: Receptor Potentials and Electrical Transmission / Summary 3. INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM / General Terminology / An Overview of the Central Nervous System / The Forebrain / The Brain Stem / The Cerebellum / The Spinal Cord / Summary / References / Figure Citations / Figures and Tables 4. METHODS IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGY / Anatomical Methods / Methods Measuring Function / Lesion Methods / Commissurotomy / The Sodium Amobarbital Test / Studies of People with Behavioral and Cognitive Abnormalities / Studies of Normal People: Laterality Studies / Summary / References / Figure and Table Captions / Figures and Tables 5. THE VISUAL SYSTEM AS A MODEL OF NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONING / The Classical Sequential-Hierarchical View of the Visual Brain / An Overview of Recent Advances in the Understanding of Central Visual Processing / The Retina / Retinofugal Projections / Specialization Within Cortex Devoted to Vision / The Microanatomy of the Visual Brain and the Concept of Modular Organization / The Problem of Integration and the Construction of a Representation of the Visual World / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 6. LANGUAGE / Characteristics of Language / The Development of Language in Children: "Nature Versus Nurture" / Language Disorders: The Concept of Aphasia / The Disconnection Syndrome Hypothesis Applied to Language Disorders / Major Components of Language Functioning / Further Theoretical Considerations / The Right Hemisphere and Language / Hemispheric Anatomical Asymmetries / The Evolution of Human Language / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 7. SPATIAL PROCESSING / General Considerations / Body Space / Egocentric Space / Allocentric Space / The Role of the Hippocampus in Spatial Processing / Neglect of One Side of Space / Spatial Thinking and Mental Imagery / The Role of the Frontal Lobes in Spatial Processing / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 8. VISUAL RECOGNITION / A Case of Visual Agnosia / Disorders of Visual Recognition / Problems with the Classical Model / Theories of Visual Agnosia / Restoration of Sight in Adulthood After Early Onset of Blindness / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 9. VOLUNTARY ACTION / Voluntary Movement / The Components of Voluntary Movement / Elementary Disorders of Movement / An Overview of Higher-Order Control of Movement / The Motor Cortex / The Premotor and Supplementary Motor Areas / The Cerebellum / The Basal Ganglia / Apraxia and the Left Parietal Cortex / Other Movement-Related Functions of Parietal Cortex / The Prefrontal Cortex / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 10. MEMORY SYSTEMS / An Overview of Normal Memory / Medial Temproal-Lobe Amnesia and the Consolidation Hypothesis / Memory Impairment After Unilateral Temporal-Lobe Lesions / The Critical Structures Involved in Memory Loss After Tempral-Lobe Lesions / Diencephalic Amnesia / Where in the Memory Process is the Impairment? / Preserved Aspects of Memory in Amnesia / Episodic Memory and Semantic Memory / Short-Term/Working Memory Impairment / Conceptualization of Multiple Memory Systems / The Neural Substrate of Long-Term Memory / Further Considerations of the Role of the Frontal Lobes in Memory / Summary / Footnotes / References / Figure Captions / Tables / Figures 11. EMOTION / Theories of the Relationship Between Brain and Emotion / The Neural Basis of Learned Fear as a Model System / Emotional Memory / The Cortex and Emotion / The Interaction of Cortex and Amygdala in the Higher-Order Mediation of Emotion / Emotion and Conscious Experience / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 12. THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND THE HIGHER-ORDER REGULATION OF BEHAVIOR / Toward a Working Model of Prefrontal Cortex Function / Impairment in Function After Prefrontal Lesions in Humans / Theories of Prefrontal Function / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 13. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY / What Is Psychopathology? / The Schizophrenic Disorders / Mood Disorders / Anxiety Disorders / Sociopathy / Dementing Diseases / Unsolved Problems / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 14. DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY / Development of the Brain / Brain Development and the Development of Higher-Order Function / The Cortex and Emotion / Known Causes of Developmental Abnormality / Developmental Disorders of Unknown Cause / Autism / Summary / References / Figure Captions / Figures 15. RECOVERY OF FUNCTION / The Effects of Brain Damage / Functional Recovery After Brain Damage / Neural Mechanisms of Recovery of Function / Therapeutic Approaches to the Consequences of Brain Lesions / Summary / References / Tables / Figure Captions / Figures EPILOGUE / Skepticism about the Possibility of a Unified Theory of Mind-Brain / The Possibility of Intertheoretic Reduction and a Unified Theory of Mind-Brain / Where Are We Now and Where Are We Going? / ReferencesRains, G. Dennis is the author of 'Principles of Human Neuropsychology' with ISBN 9781559346238 and ISBN 155934623X.